A Study of Prevalence of Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients and Comparison with Normal Subjects

Introduction: The diabetes mellitus is described as metabolicdisorder of multiple etiology characterized by chronichyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, protein andfat metabolism resulting in insulin secretion, insulin action orboth. This study was done to check the prevalence of coronaryartery disease (CAD) risk factors in diabetic patients andcompare with normal subjects.Material and methods: Sixty diagnosed cases of diabetes and60 normal subjects from patients attending Diabetic Clinic,Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.This was hospital based cross sectional observational study.Diagnosed case of diabetes was taken and non-modifiable andmodifiable risk factors of CAD were compared with normalsubjects with available data of risk factors CAD.Results: Mean age of the case group was 48.51 yrs, 46.6% ofcase group had hypertension, in comparison of control grouphad only 15%. Study showed overweight (BMI>25 Kg/m2)was observed in 25 (41.6%) diabetic patients in comparisonto control which had only 2 (3%) subjects being overweight.About 5% of diabetic cases had family history of CAD. Familyhistory of diabetes was present in 32% of diabetic patients andfamily history of hypertension was present in 18% of diabeticpopulation.Conclusion: This study showed the prevalence of risk factorof CAD in diabetic patients was significantly higher comparedwith normal subjects

A Radiographic Assessment of Morphological Diversity of Soft Palate in Darbhanga (Bihar) Population: An Original Research

Introduction: Soft palate (velar) plays an important function in head and neck region. Its diverse morphology is implicated invarious diseases.Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological variants of soft palate in each group of normal,oral submucous fibrosis, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphologicvariations of velar using digital lateral cephalogram.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the department of oral medicine and radiology and department of publichealth dentistry. Three groups were made, each of 50 patients. The soft palate morphology was evaluated according to theclassification given by You et al.Statistical Analysis: The collected data were subsequently processed and analyzed using the SPSS statistical packageversion 17.Results: We found that most common soft palate morphology in Group I was rat-tail, whereas in Group II and Group III, themost common morphology was leaf shape.Conclusion: Soft palate has different morphology. It may help in successful functional and structural repair in cleft palate casesand shed some light toward the cause of OSA and related disorders.

A Radiographic Study to Evaluate the Course and Visibility of the Mandibular Canal in Darbhanga Population: An Original Research

Introduction: Mandibular canal or inferior alveolar canal isan important anatomical landmark in mandible which containsneurovascular bundles. Mandibular canal is considered asreference anatomical landmark in maxillofacial surgeries.The aim of this study was to evaluate the course and visibilityof the mandibular canal in Darbhanga (Bihar) populationon digital panoramic radiographs, and the objective was toassess the normal variation of mandibular canal on panoramicradiographsMaterial and Methods: A total of 500 panoramic radiographswere selected from the archives of our department as softcopies. The course of mandibular canal was evaluated onpanoramic radiographs. The collected data were subsequentlyprocessed and analyzed using SPSS statistical package version17.Results: We found that elliptic curve is most common curve.Visibility of mandibular canal is more in the third molarregion compared to first molar region. Conclusion: In thepresent study, most common curve was elliptic curve (64.8%)followed by linear curve (22.2%). Visibility of mandibularcanal in third molar region was 98.1%. In both gender, ellipticcurve was most common curve.

A Radiographic Study on the Visualization of the Anterior Loop in Darbhanga Population - An Original Research

Introduction: Knowledge of alveolar loop of inferior alveolarcanal is important to prevent any post operative complicationsafter mandibular surgery or any prosthesis placement inmandible parasymphysis region. The aim of this study wasto visualize anterior loop in Darbhanga (Bihar) populationon digital orthopantomogram radiographs and the objectivewas to evaluate the frequency of anterior loop in different agegroups on digital orthopantomogram radiographs.Material and Methods: The study was done in the Departmentof Oral Medicine and Radiology and Department of PublicHealth Dentistry. A total of 303 panoramic radiographs wereexamined by a single radiologist. Anterior loop was examinedin all 303 radiographs. The collected data were subsequentlyprocessed and analyzed using SPSS statistical package version17.Results: We found that anterior loop was visible in 39.6%of population. Anterior loop was most commonly seen inyounger age group. As the age advanced visibility of anteriorloop was reduced.Conclusion: In the present study, a total of 606 sites wereexamined on radiographs. Out of 156 male subjects, anteriorloop was visible in 68 subjects and out of 147 female subjects,anterior loop was visible in 52 subjects only. Visibility ofanterior loop in subjects aged 50 or more than 50 years wasseen in only 9 subjects.